How to Build The Most Efficient Wind Farm
5 May 2009 | Wind Power | 10 Comments
Wind is the air in movement with a certain speed due to the pressure gradients over the earth surface produced by solar radiation.In Equatorial Regions the air temperature is greater than in Polar Regions, and air pressure gradient results.Therefore a mass of air flow with a certain kinetic energy is developed.Kinetic energy of the wind can be converted into mechanical energy using wind turbines.Shaft of wind turbines can drive electric generators producing electrical energy.
Wind energy is plentiful renewable, widely distributed, clean, and reduces toxic atmospheric and greenhouse gas emissions if it is used to replace fossil fuel power plants.Wind-powered generators currently with a total worldwide capacity 75 GW produce just over 1% of world-wide electrical energy.Globally, wind power generation more than quadrupled in the last four years.
Onshore turbines installations in hilly or mountains regions tend to be about three kilometers or more inland from the nearest shoreline.These areas tend to be windy and are good sites for turbine installation, because a primary source of wind is convention caused by the differential heating and cooling of land and sea over the cycle of day and night.
The hill or ridge causes the wind to accelerate as it is forced over it.The additional wind speeds gained in this way make large differences to the amount of energy that is produced.Wind farms or wind parks usually have many turbines installed.Each turbine can affect the wind recived by the turbine behind.Since each turbine extracts some of the energy of the wind, it is important to provide adequate spacing between turbines to avoid excess energy loss by interaction effect.Where land area is sufficient, turbines are spaced three of five rotor diameters apart perpendicular to the prevailing wind, and five to ten rotor diameters apart in the direction of the prevailing wind, to minimize efficiency loss and “wind park effect”.
The kinetic energy of a given mass flow of air m(kg) that travels with the velocity v(m/s) through the swept area A of a wind turbine has a mass per unit of time pAv (kg/s), where p is the specific mass of the air (p=1,201 kg/cubic meter) at atmospheric conditions of pressure and temperature(NTP).
The mass flow of air that travels through the swept area A of wind turbine varies with the wind speed and air density.The relation gives the absorbed power by the turbine due to mass per unit of time traveling at speed v,Pabs measured in watts: Pabs =1/2(pAv)v*v=1/2pAv*v*v , which is proportional to the swept area A and the cube of the wind speed v.The equation shows that for a given wind speed when the area is doubled the absorbed turbine power is also doubled.However for a constant area A if the wind speed is doubled the turbine power increases eight times, but if the speed is halved the turbine power reduces to 12,5%.
This example shows the importance to keep the wind speed as constant as possible.Due to the reduced influence of drag of the surface (rea or land) the wind blows faster at higher altitudes.Near the surface wind speed is affected by topography, surface roughness, and upwind obstacles such as trees or buildings.The increase of wind speeds versus height follows typically a logarithmin profile.This means that doubling the altitude od a turbine it is expected that the wind speed increases by 10% and consequently increasing power by about 34%.
Tags: Free Energy, wind power, Wind Powered
[...] The hill or ridge causes the wind to accelerate as it is forced over it.The additional wind speeds gained in this way make large differences to the amount of energy that is produced.Wind farms or wind parks usually have many turbines can installed.Each turbine affect the wind turbine recived by the behind.Since each turbine extracts some of the energy of the wind, it is important to provide adequate spacing between turbines to avoid excess energy loss by interaction effect.” - http://www.mygreentreasure.com/2009/05/how-to-build-the-most-efficient-wind-farm/ [...]
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