CO2 emissions – Produced in 3 ways |
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CO2 released in the atmosphere is nothing but a source of environmental pollution, a factor with a huge role in global warming process. We all know that carbon dioxide is the result of fossil fuel combustion (coal, oil or natural gas). Currently, highest carbon emissions are produced by cars, trucks and non-nuclear power plants. Because of that, urban areas are considered as areas with high concentration of carbon dioxide. To reduce the effects of pollution, carbon dioxide can be captured and stored. Today, carbon dioxide effects on atmosphere is a controversial issue.
Researchers have found that with increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, the surface temperature is increasing simultaneously. Generally carbon dioxide capture can be applied in areas where carbon emissions are consistently higher (large sources of fossil fuels, plants producing energy from biomass, gas processing industries, factories producing synthetic fuels and hydrogen production plants based on fossil fuels). CO2 emissions are produced in 3 ways:
1. Post-combustion: CO2 emissions are produced by burning fuels (eg. conventional power plants). In these plants carbon dioxide is captured from gas combustion. This technology is used today in many other industries.
2. Pre-combustion: Is used to produce fertilizer, chemical and gaseous fuels (H2, CH4). In these situations, fossil fuels are partially oxidized using a gaseous system. The result of this process is CO and H2 (then these gases are converted into CO2 and H2). In other words, hydrogen is used as fuel and carbon is captured before combustion process starts.
3. Combustion based on oxygen fuel (Oxyfuel): This process is also called Oxy-Combustion.
After capture, CO2 must be transported to suitable storage sites. Transport is made with pipelines, which is generally the cheapest form of transport. In 2008,in U.S.A. were approximately 5800 kilometers of pipelines for CO2 transport. These pipes are currently used to transport CO2 at oil production fields, where is injected in older fields to produce oil.
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